|
The origin - Crimea was known in ancient times as Tavrida, home to the Tauric tribes who inhabited mountains in the south. The Tauric tribes were absorbed first by Cimmerian and then Scythian invaders, who were later pushed back from the coast by Greek colonists in the 6th century BC.
VII-I cent. BC - Greeks reclaimed northern Black Sea region and created in Tavrida as their colony. Khersoness (422-421 BC) and other city-states were founded by them and existed for 2 millennia. Trade with Scythians.
I-IV cent. AD. The Romans arrived to Crimea in the 1st century AD and established protectorates and naval bases at Khersoness and in the Bosporus kingdom in the east of the peninsula. III AD arrival of Goths. Invasion of Turkic tribes, Hunns, Khazars. The nomad depredations made the mixed populations of south-eastern Tavrida left fertile low-lands and inhabit flat mountain picks. Appearance of cave towns. It is 395 year when Tavrida was conquered by Byzantine Empire.
IX-XI cent. Invasion of Pechenegs and Polovzi. Runaway Byzantine monks created cave monasteries and churches during the Christian persecution. Prince Vladimir adopted Christianity in Khersoness (988). Spread of Christianity in Rus.
XIII-XV cent. Colonization of Tavrida coast by Genoese (1265). Invasion by Mongolo-Tatars ( the Golden Horde). Creation of the independent Crimea-Tatar khanate (1475) and its abidance to Turkey.
XIX cent. South coast of the Crimea development as health-resort for aristocrats. Crimean War (1853-1856). Sevastopol siege (349 days) by teammate: France. England, Turkey. Alma, Balaclava and Inkerman battles. Takin of Malachov Hill by Mac Magon (1855). Lev Tolstoy participated battles in Sevastopol.
XX cent. Revolution in 1917 year. Civil War between 'White' and Bolsheviks (1918-1920). Englishmen and Frenchmen took again Sevastopol, which was the last bastion of 'White'. Baron Vrungel drew 150 Black Sea fleet ships away to Stambul. Lenin nationalized all the private residences and palaces in order to arrange there health-resort for working people. The Crimea became autonomic republic in 1922.
1941-1944 fascist occupation of Crimea. Sevastopol siege (250 days). Crimean aboriginal population deportation (Tatars, Greek, Armenians, German, Bulgarians, etc.) to the central Asia steppes by Stalin order (18 may 1944).
1945 Yalta conference at the head of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
1954 Crimea hand over to Ukraine by Khrushev.
1989 Due to Gorbachev's program during the reconstruction expatriated people returned.
1991 USSR collapse, independence of Ukraine. Crimean referendum confirmed Crimean republican status in Ukraine.
1997 agreement with Russia about Russian navy base in Sevastopol.
XXI cent. 'Orange' Revolution (2004).
|
